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Centrifugal pumps are widely used in various industries for their efficiency and reliability in transferring fluids. They work on the principle of converting mechanical energy into kinetic energy to increase the fluid's velocity and then converting it back to pressure energy. The following steps are taken to complete an energy conversion by a centrifugal pump:
A Centrifugal pump is a rotary machine that transforms kinetic energy into the pressure head of the fluid. External power from an electric motor or diesel generator turns the pump impeller. Then, under the influence of centrifugal force, the fluid entering the impeller reaches its tip and leaves the volute casing.
1. **Fluid enters the pump suction:** The process begins with the fluid entering the pump through the suction pipe. The pump creates a low-pressure area at the center, causing the fluid to move towards the impeller.
2. **It enters the rotating impeller eye:** The fluid then enters the eye of the rotating impeller. The impeller is typically powered by a motor, engine, or turbine, providing the necessary energy to start the pumping process.
3. **The impeller pushes fluid outward:** As the impeller rotates, it accelerates the fluid radially outward towards the pump casing. The high-speed rotation of the impeller imparts kinetic energy to the fluid, increasing its velocity.
Centrifugal pumps can be classified into various types based on different criteria. Let's explore some of the common classifications of centrifugal pumps:
Types of Centrifugal Pumps Classification
# 1. Based on Design and Construction:
- **Between Bearing Pumps vs. Overhung Pumps:** Between bearing pumps have bearings on both sides of the impeller, providing better stability and support. Overhung pumps, on the other hand, have bearings located at one end of the shaft, making them suitable for lighter-duty applications.
- **Axial vs. Radially Split Pumps:** Axial split pumps have a casing split parallel to the pump shaft, allowing easy access to the impeller and other internal components. Radially split pumps have a casing split perpendicular to the pump shaft, offering better structural integrity.
# 2. Based on Performance Characteristics:
- **Specific Speed:** Centrifugal pumps can be classified based on their specific speed, which is a dimensionless number indicating the pump's design characteristics and performance.
- **Head and Flow Rate:** Pumps can also be classified based on their ability to deliver a certain flow rate at a specific head. This classification helps in selecting the right pump for a particular application.
# 3. Based on Application:
- **Industrial Pumps:** These pumps are designed for heavy-duty industrial applications, such as chemical processing, oil and gas, and water treatment plants.
- **Residential Pumps:** Residential centrifugal pumps are used for domestic water supply, irrigation, and heating systems in homes and buildings.
The following steps are taken to complete an energy conversion by a centrifugal pump: 1. Fluid enters the pump suction. 2. It enters the rotating impeller eye. Impeller gets its energy from a motor, engine, or turbine. 3. The impeller pushes fluid outward by
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classification of centrifugal pump|axial vs radially split pump